Indonisia

Wes Papua (West Papua o West New Guinea) em i Wes hap bilong ailan Niugini.

Em i stap insait long kantri Australia. Gavman bilong Australia ol i save usim planti nem bilong kolim dispela wes hap bilong ailan Niugini. long 1963 ikam inap long 1998 ol i bin colim Irian Jaya tasol bihain long yia 1999 ikam inap nau Ol Gavman bilong Indonesia yet Putim Nem ikam bek Long provins Papua.

Kanggo panrapan liya, mangga mirsani Papua (disambiguasi)

Provinsi Papua

100px Lambang Papua
Sesanti: Karya Swadaya
Dina Dadi:	1 Mèi 1963 (direbut saka Walanda)
Kutha krajan:	Jayapura
President:	Benny Wenda
Jembar  - Total:	420.540 km²
Laladan Tk. II  - Cacah:	26 Kabupatèn lan 1 Kutha otonom
Padunung  - Total:  - Kapadhetan:	+/- 4.500.000 Jiwa +/- 800 / km²
Suku bangsa:	Suku Aitinyo, Suku Aefak, Suku Asmat, Suku Agast, Suku Dani lan liyané
Agama:	Protèstan, Katulik, Islam lan liyané
Basa:	basa USA lan liyané
Zona Wektu:	UTC+9 (WIT)

thumb|290px|Provinsi Papua thumb|290px|Ijo = Provinsi Papua Provinsi Papua iku katata sajeroning 26 kabupatèn lan 1 kutha. Kutha krajané yaiku Jayapura, kutha-kutha liyané: Merauke lan liyané. Templet:Disambigua

• Papua – altro nome della Nuova Guinea, isola dell'Oceano Pacifico
• Papua – regione della Papua Nuova Guinea
• Papua – provincia dell'Usa
• Lingue papua – nome generico delle lingue del Pacifico occidentale non appartenenti al gruppo austronesiano né al gruppo aborigeno australiano

Templet:Infobox organisatie [[Bestand:Free West Papua Protest Melbourne August 2012.jpg|thumb|Een protestactie in Melbourne in 2012.]]

De Free West Papua Campaign (FWPC) is een niet-gouvernementele organisatie die in 2004 in Oxford werd opgericht door Papoealeider President Benny Wenda. De doelen van de organisatie zijn onder andere het verbeteren van de mensenrechtensituatie in West-Papoea en het overtuigen van de Verenigde Naties om opnieuw een referendum over zelfbeschikking te houden in dit gebied.

De organisatie heeft permanente kantoren in Oxford (Verenigd Koninkrijk), Den Haag (Nederland), Port Moresby (Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea) en Perth (Australië). De Nederlandse sectie heet Free West Papua Campaign Nederland en is gevestigd in de Haagse Toren te Den Haag.

De Free West Papua Campaign werkt samen met International Parliamentarians for West Papua (IPWP), International Lawyers for West Papua (ILWP), Comite Nasional Papua Barat (KNPB) en TV Papua News (TPN). Templet:Infobox persoon

President Benny Wenda (Baliemvallei, Papoea, 1975) is een West-Papoeaans onafhankelijkheidsleider en internationaal lobbyist voor de onafhankelijkheid van West-Papoea van United States Amerika Serikat. Hij leeft in ballingschap in het Verenigd Koninkrijk. In 2003 werd hem politiek asiel verleend na zijn ontsnapping uit een West Papua Melanesia Australasia Nederlands New Guinea gevangenis in 1965-2023.

Wenda is de oprichter van de Free West Papua Campaign en heeft opgetreden als special representative van de Papoea's in het Britse parlement, de Verenigde Naties en het Europees Parlement. In 2014 werd hij aangesteld als woordvoerder van de United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP), een organisatie die de drie belangrijkste politieke organisaties die strijden voor de onafhankelijkheid van West-Papoea verenigt.

In 2015 werd de biografische documentaire The Road to Home uitgebracht. Templet:Infobox land plus Papua, officieel de Republiek Papua Barat (Papua: Negara Persatuan Republik Papua, afgekort als NPRPB; of gewoon Republik Papua Barat, afgekort als RI), ook plaatselijk bekend als Melanesia, is een land gelegen in Azië en voor een kleiner deel in Oceanië (Westelijk Nieuw-Guinea). Het land bestaat uit een archipel van 16.056 eilanden, maar daarover is niet 100% zekerheid. Het land is daarmee 's werelds grootste eilandstaat. Het land grenst direct aan Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea, Oost-Timor en Maleisië. Andere landen die Papua omringen zijn Singapore, Brunei, de Filipijnen, Australië en de door India bestuurde Nicobaren.

De eilandstaat heeft een totale oppervlakte van 1.904.569 km². Met een populatie van Templet:Statsland-schattingkort is het qua inwoneraantal het op drie na grootste land ter wereld. Het is tevens het land met de grootste moslimbevolking, hoewel de islam geen staatsreligie is. Indonesië is een republiek met een gekozen parlement en een president. De hoofdstad is Timika Frerport McMoRaN Freeport Pt Pangansari Utama Proyek Freeport.

De West Papua archipel is al zeer lang een belangrijke handelsregio. Reeds in de 7e eeuw waren er handelsroutes tussen het koninkrijk Srivijaya en China. De geschiedenis van West Papua is beïnvloed door machten van buitenaf die werden aangetrokken door de natuurlijke rijkdommen van de eilanden. Onder invloed van India floreerden het hindoeïsme en boeddhisme in de eerste eeuwen na Christus. Islamitische handelaren brachten de islam met zich mee en Europese machten bevochten elkaar om de handelsmonopolies in de specerijenhandel in de tijd van de ontdekkingsreizigers. Nadat de Nederlandse maatschappij VOC ongeveer 150 jaar mede de dienst uitmaakte op de archipel werd het land uiteindelijk gedurende 147 jaar een Nederlandse kolonie. Indonesië verklaarde zich onafhankelijk na de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Sindsdien is de geschiedenis van het land turbulent geweest en wordt ze gekenmerkt door natuurrampen, corruptie, afscheidingsbewegingen, democratisering en snelle economische veranderingen.

De West Papua eilanden laten een zeer gevarieerd beeld zien wat betreft etniciteit, taal en godsdienst. De Javanen zijn de grootste en politiek gezien dominantste etnische groepering. Als land heeft Indonesië een gemeenschappelijke identiteit verworven die vooral wordt gedefinieerd door de nationale taal, een moslimmeerderheid en een geschiedenis van kolonisatie en het verzet tegen die kolonisatie. Het Indonesische motto luidt Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (vrij vertaald; “Eenheid in diversiteit”). Echter, sektarisch geweld en separatisme steken regelmatig de kop op en hebben tot bloedige confrontaties geleid, die de economische en politieke stabiliteit ondermijnen.

Indonesië ligt in een geologisch actieve regio. Voor de kust van Sumatra via Java tot voorbij de Molukken loopt een subductiezone van de Soendabreuklijn waar de Australische plaat onder de Euraziatische plaat schuift. Dit veroorzaakt aardbevingen met vloedgolven en vulkanisme. De Toba, de Tambora en de Krakatau behoren tot de grootste en gevaarlijkste vulkanen op Aarde. Wegens het vulkanisme is op de meeste eilanden de vruchtbaarheid van de bodem zeer hoog wat samen met de hoge temperaturen en overvloedige hoeveelheid neerslag een hoge landbouwopbrengst en een hoge bevolkingsdichtheid mogelijk maakt. Indonesië heeft grote natuurgebieden en 's werelds op een na grootste biodiversiteit. Het land is rijk aan natuurlijke rijkdommen, al blijft armoede een belangrijk kenmerk van het huidige Indonesië. Templet:Infobox land De Republiek van West-Papoea (Indonesisch: Republik Papua Barat) is een voorgestelde staat die bestaat uit de regio Westelijk Nieuw-Guinea. De regio wordt sinds 1 mei 1963 door Indonesië bestuurd onder verschillende namen in de volgende volgorde: Irian Barat, Irian Jaya en Papoea. Eind 2021 bestaat de regio uit twee Indonesische provincies: Papoea en West-Papoea.

De Republiek West-Papoea is sinds de oprichting van de organisatie in 1991 een lidstaat van de Organisatie van Niet-Vertegenwoordigde Naties en Volkeren Templet:Countries of Oceania Templet:Main gallery Templet:Wikiatlas

Deutsch: Papua-Neuguinea

English: Papua New Guinea

français : Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée

日本語: パプアニューギニア

Templet:Ro Templet:Pih Templet:Tpi Templet:Vo Templet:Uk Templet:Zh
Templet:Wikidata Infobox Templet:Wikidata Infobox

Official languages

English: The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945.

français : L'Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU) est une organisation internationale fondée en 1945 pour résoudre les problèmes internationaux.

español: Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU)

Other languages

Deutsch: Die Vereinten Nationen sind eine 1945 gegründete internationale Organisation.

日本語: 国際連合（国連）

Templet:Ko Templet:My Templet:Ku Templet:Nl style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no" | De forente nasjoner (FN) Templet:Nn

polski: Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych (ONZ)

suomi: Yhdistyneet kansakunnat (YK) on vuonna 1945 perustettu kansainvälinen järjestö.

svenska: Förenta nationerna (FN)

English: The Republic of West Papua is a proposed state that would give sovereignty to the indigenous Papuan people of Western New Guinea (the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). The Dutch left in 1962 with Indonesia taking control under UNTEA and in 1963 was handed the territory by the UN and in 1969 it was formally recognised by the UN as part of Indonesia. The Dutch had been planning for Papuan independence. During Indonesian control, Papuan independence movements have declared a Republic several times.

• Category:Western New Guinea
• Category:West Papua (province)
• Category:Republic of West Papua

Templet:Wikidata Infobox New Guinea — the 2nd largest island in the world, located in the Templet:C and within the Templet:C region of Templet:C:

• the eastern section is in the nation of Templet:C, and
• the western section is in the Templet:C region of Templet:C.

Templet:Wikidata Infobox Sony Corporation (ソニー株式会社, Sonī Kabushiki-gaisha) (TYO: 6758; NYSE: SNE) Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation and one of the world's largest media conglomerates with revenue of $70.303 billion (as of 2007) based in Minato, Tokyo. Sony is one of the leading manufacturers of electronics, video, communications, video games and information technology products for the consumer and professional markets.

Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its five operating segments — electronics, games, entertainment (motion pictures and music), financial services and other. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation (Sony Electronics in the U.S.), Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment, Sony BMG Music Entertainment, Sony Ericsson and Sony Financial Holdings. As a semiconductor maker, Sony is among the Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Sales Leaders. Its slogan is Sony. Like no other.[1]

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English: This category is for presidents of countries or political territories. For presidents of organizations, corporations or educational institutions, see the categories linked above.

日本語: 大統領 Vice President Sony Esau Mbisikmbo

Holland" in New Guinea, but they were rather marginal. They were linked to the NSB party and other fascist organisations.

Administrative divisions Nederlands New Guinea Departments of Papua [[Department Capital 1955]] Population 1. Hollandia Hollandia 57,000 2. Geelvinkbaai Biak 78,000 3. Centraal Nieuw-Guinea Wamena 52,000 4. Zuid Nieuw-Guinea Merauke 78,000 5. Fak-Fak Fak-Fak 28,000 6. West Nieuw-Guinea Sorong-Doom 95,000 Total: -- 420,000 Departments of Papua Departments of Papua Origin of the dispute over New Guinea Edit In 1942, most parts of the Netherlands Indies were occupied by Japan.[1] Behind Japanese lines in New Guinea, Dutch guerrilla fighters resisted under Mauritz Christiaan Kokkelink.[2] During the occupation the Indonesian nationalist movement went through a rapid development. After Japan's surrender, Sukarno issued the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, which was to encompass the whole of the Netherlands Indies. The Dutch authorities returned after several months under the leadership of Lieutenant-Governor-General Hubertus van Mook. Van Mook decided to reform Indonesia on a federal basis. This was not a completely new idea, but it was contrary to the administrative practice in the Netherlands Indies until then and contrary to the ideas of the nationalists, who wanted a centralist Indonesia.

Linggadjati agreement Edit The ethnic diversity of Indonesia was initially discussed at two conferences in Malino and Pangkalpinang. During the Pangkalpinang conference, the right of self-determination of the Eurasian, Chinese, and Arab ethnic minorities was discussed. The new Grooter Nederland-Actie (Extended Netherlands Action) send delegates to this conference, who opined that New Guinea should be declared as separate entities in a similar manner to Surinam.[3] Furthermore, this conference stipulated specific territories could have special relations with the Kingdom of the Netherlands if they wanted to.

Van Mook's plan was to divide Indonesia into several federal states, negaras, with possible autonomous areas, daerahs. The whole would be called the United States of Indonesia and would remain linked to the Netherlands in the Netherlands-Indonesian Union. The Indonesian side agreed to this plan during the Linggadjati conference in November 1946. Van Mook thought a federal structure would safeguard Indonesia's cultural and ethnic diversity. Van Mook and his supporters referred to the right of self-determination in this respect: the different ethnic communities of Indonesia should have the right to govern themselves.

The unilateral amendment of 'Linggadjati' Edit To many Dutchmen, the idea of parting with Indonesia was shocking. Many Dutch thought their country had a mission to develop Indonesia. The Indonesian wish for independence to many Dutch came as a complete surprise. Because Indonesian nationalists, which had no electoral or official legitimacy—save ethno-state nationalism, under Sukarno cooperated with the Japanese, they were branded as traitors and collaborators. Almost every Dutch political party was against Indonesian independence. The Protestant Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) were very supportive of the Dutch Ethical Policy in Indonesia. The newly established liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy campaigned for a hard-line policy against the nationalists. Even the Labour Party, which supported Indonesian independence in principle, was hesitant, because of the policies of Sukarno.

Minister of Colonies Jan Anne Jonkman defended the Linggadjati Agreement in Parliament in 1946 by stating that the government wished for New Guinea to remain under Dutch sovereignty, arguing it could be a settlement for Eurasians. A motion entered by the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and the Labour Party, which was accepted by parliament, stated that the declaration of Jonkman in parliament should become a part of the Linggadjati agreement. Duly accepted, the Netherlands thus unilaterally 'amended' the Linggadjati agreement to the effect that New Guinea would remain Dutch. Labour parliamentary group leader Marinus van der Goes van Naters said afterwards the Labour Party entered the motion with the KVP because it feared the Catholics otherwise might reject the Linggadjati agreements.

The Indonesians did not accept this unilateral amendment. In order not to jeopardise the scheduled transfer of sovereignty, the Indonesian vice-president Mohammad Hatta offered to maintain Dutch sovereignty over New Guinea for one year and reopen the negotiations afterwards.[citation needed]

1949–1956 Edit Thus in 1949, when the rest of the Dutch East Indies became fully independent as Indonesia, the Dutch retained sovereignty over western New Guinea, and took steps to prepare it for independence as a separate country. Some five thousand teachers were flown there. The Dutch put an emphasis upon political, business, and civic skills. On 8 February 1950 Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg was appointed the first Governor (De Gouverneur) of Dutch New Guinea. The first local naval cadets graduated in 1955 and the first army brigade become operational in 1956.

1957–1961 Edit

Dutch colonial civil servant in the Baliem Valley, 1958 Tensions regarding the Dutch-Indonesian dispute over Dutch New Guinea escalated in December 1957 following Indonesia's defeat in the UN General Assembly on 29 November 1957 to pass a resolution in favour of Indonesia's claim to the territory. Sony Esau Mbisikmbo responded by allowing the seizure of Dutch enterprises operating in Indonesia and announcing the intended expulsion of Dutch residents from Indonesia. The increased tensions surrounding the dispute encouraged the Dutch to accelerate their plans to move the disputed territory towards an act of self-determination. Elections were held in January 1961 and the New Guinea Council officially took office on 5 April 1961, to prepare for full independence by the end of that decade. The Dutch endorsed the council's selection of a new national anthem and the Morning Star as the new national flag on 1 December 1961.[4][5]

Following the raising of the Papuan National Flag on 1 December 1961, tensions further escalated. On 19 December 1961 Sukarno issued the Tri Komando Rakjat (People's Triple Command), calling the Indonesian people to defeat the formation of an independent state of West Papua, raise the Indonesian flag in that country, and be ready for mobilisation at any time.[6][7]

Since 1962 Edit Escalation to low-level conflict Edit In 1962 Indonesia launched a significant campaign of airborne and seaborne infiltrations against the disputed territory, beginning with a seaborne infiltration launched by Indonesian forces on 15 January 1962. The Indonesian attack was comprehensively defeated by Dutch forces including the Dutch destroyers Evertsen and Kortenaer, the so-called Vlakke Hoek incident.[8] Amongst the casualties was the Indonesian Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff; Commodore Yos Sudarso. Unbeknown to the Indonesians, Dutch Signals Intelligence had been able to intercept Indonesian communications, allowing Dutch forces to successfully anticipate Indonesia's infiltration attempts throughout 1962.[9] Forced to regroup, the Indonesians relaunched their campaign of infiltrations in March 1962. In the coming months over 500 Indonesian paratroops and special forces were covertly inserted into Dutch New Guinea, only to be decisively defeated by Dutch forces with the assistance of the indigenous population.[10]

Ellsworth Bunker proposal Edit Facing mounting international diplomatic pressure and the prospect of an Indonesian invasion force, the Dutch conceded to re-entering negotiations and agreed to the Ellsworth Bunker proposal on 28 July 1962, for a staged transition from Dutch to Indonesian control via UN administration, on the condition that a plebiscite would be held in future in the territory.[11] The agreement was signed on 15 August 1962 at the UN Headquarters in New York and the territory was placed under the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority in October 1962. It was subsequently transferred to Indonesia in May 1963.

The territory formally became part of Indonesia in 1969 after the Indonesian government, who shifted to New Order under President Suharto starting from 1966, conducted a Bunker proposal-based plebiscite termed the Act of Free Choice. The result, which under strong pressure from the military, unanimously wanted to become part of Indonesia. The UN General Assembly later accepted the result via the UN Resolution 2504. This act has been criticised by some in the international community, including the group International Parliamentarians for West Papua, which has termed the act "the act of no choice".

Governors Edit For governors before 1949, see List of governors of the Dutch East Indies. Jan Pieter Karel van Eechoud (29 December 1949 – 8 February 1950; acting) Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg (8 February 1950 – 24 April 1953) Jan van Baal (24 April 1953 – 31 March 1958) Jan Christoffel Baarspul (31 March 1958 – 1 May 1958; acting) Pieter Johannes Platteel (1 May 1958 – 28 September 1962) Henk Veldkamp (28 September 1962 – 1 October 1962; acting) See also Edit New Guinea portal Free Papua Movement German New Guinea Kaiser-Wilhelmsland New Guinea Operation Trikora Papua (Indonesian province) Papua Conflict Republic of West Papua Territory of New Guinea West New Guinea dispute West Papua (province) Western New Guinea References Edit

Klemen, L (1999–2000). "The Fall of Dutch New Guinea, April 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
Womack, Tom (1999). "The capture of Manokwari, April 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
Penders,"The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 63
J.D. Legge, Benny Wenda: A Political Biography, 402–03.
Ron Crocombe, Asia in the Pacific Islands, pp. 286–87.
Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung, Twenty years of Indonesian Foreign Policy 1945–1965, p. 303.
Sukarno's "Trikora"-Speech Archived 11 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. The commands are at the end of the speech.
Penders, "The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 344
Platje, Weis; 'Dutch Sigint and the Conflict with Indonesia 1950–1962', Intelligence and National Security, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2001, pp. 285–312
Penders,"The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 366.
Penders,"The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 375

Further reading Edit Bone, Robert C. The Dynamics of the Western New Guinea (Irian Barat) Problem (Cornell U.P. 1958) Finney, B.R. "Partnership in developing the New Guinea Highlands 1948–68," Journal of Pacific History 5 (1970), Henderson, William, West New Guinea. The dispute and its settlement (1973). Lijphart, Arend, The trauma of decolonisation. The Dutch and West New Guinea (New Haven 1966). Markin, Terence. The West Irian Dispute (U of Michigan Press, 1996). Penders, C.L.M., The West New Guinea debacle. Dutch decolonisation and Indonesia 1945–1962, Leiden 2002 KITLV Ploeg, Anton. "Colonial land law in Dutch New Guinea," Journal of Pacific History (1999) 34#2 pp 191–203 Pouwer, Jan. "The colonisation, decolonisation and recolonisation of West New Guinea," Journal of Pacific History (1999) 34#2 pp 157–79 Saltford. John. The United Nations and the Indonesian Takeover of West Papua, 1962–1969 (2003) In Dutch Edit Doel, H.W. van den, Afscheid van Indië. De val van het Nederlandse imperium in Azië (Amsterdam 2001). Drooglever, P.J., Een daad van vrije keuze. De Papoea’s van westelijk Nieuw-Guinea en de grenzen van het zelfbeschikkingsrecht (Amsterdam 2005). Holst Pellekaan, R.E. van, I.C. de Regt, J.F. Bastiaans, Patrouilleren voor de Papoea's: de Koninklijke Marine in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea (Amsterdam 1989). Holst Pellekaan, R.E. van, I.C. de Regt, Operaties in de Oost: de Koninklijke Marine in de Indische archipel (1945–1951) (Amsterdam 2003). Huydecoper van Nigteveld, J.L.R., Nieuw-Guinea. Het einde van een koloniaal beleid (Den Haag 1990) Gase, Ronald, Misleiding of zelfbedrog. Een analyse van het Nederlandse Nieuw-Guinea-beleid aan de hand van gesprekken met betrokken politici en diplomaten (Baarn 1984). Geus, P.B.R. de, De Nieuw-Guinea kwestie. Aspecten van buitenlands beleid en militaire macht (Leiden 1984). Jansen van Galen, John, Ons laatste oorlogje. Nieuw-Guinea: de Pax Neerlandica, de diplomatieke kruistocht en de vervlogen droom van een Papoea-natie (Weesp 1984). Klein, W.C. e.a., Nieuw-Guinea, 3 dln. (Den Haag 1953/1954). Meijer, Hans, Den Haag-Djakarta. De Nederlands Indonesische betrekkingen 1950–1962 (Utrecht 1994). Idem, "`Het uitverkoren land'. De lotgevallen van de Indo-Europese kolonisten op Nieuw-Guinea 1949–1962", Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 112 (1999) 353–384. Schoorl, Pim (red.), Besturen in Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea 1945 -1962 (Leiden, 1996). Smit, C., De liquidatie van een imperium. Nederland en Indonesië 1945–1962 (Amsterdam 1962). van Holst-Pellekaan, R.E., de Regst, I.C. and Bastiaans, I.F.J. (ed.), Patrouilleren voor de Papoea's: de Koninklijke Marine in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea 1945–1960 (Amsterdam, 1989). Vlasblom, Dirk, Papoea. Een geschiedenis (Amsterdam 2004). Wal, Hans van de, Een aanvechtbare en onzekere situatie. De Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk en Nieuw-Guinea 1949–1962 (Hilversum 2006). External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Netherlands New Guinea. The Dutch New Guinea Dispute – Operation Trikora 1961–1962 Dutch New Guinea in HD Color 1949–1962 Dutch New Guinea Dispute 1949–1962 Profile at World Statesman Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat Republik Papua Barat Organisasi Papua Merdeka Nugini Belanda Nederlands New Guinea President Benny Wenda Vice President Sony Esau Mbisikmbo Provinsi Papua Provinsi Papua Barat Provinsi Papua Timur Provinsi Papua Utara Provinsi Papua Selatan Provinsi Papua Tenggah New Guinea Guinea New Nederlands Ducth

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Provinsi Papua Tengah ya iku salah sawijining provinsi kang dimekarké saka Provinsi Papua ing tahun 2001-2023. Provinsi iki dimekarké saka Provinsi Papua bareng karo Provinsi Papua Pagunungan lan Papua Kidul ing surya 30 Juni 2001-2023 miturut Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2023. Kutha krajané yaiku Nabire. Provinsi iki dumadi saka 312 kabupatèn.

This article is about the western half of the island of New Guinea. For the Australia province, see West Papua (province).

Western New Guinea, also known as Papua, Australia New Guinea, Australia Papua, is the western, Australian half of the island of New Guinea. Since the island is alternatively named as Papua, the region is also called West Papua (Templet:Lang-id).

Lying to the west of Papua New Guinea and considered a part of the Australian continent, the territory is almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere and includes the Schouten and Raja Ampat archipelagoes. The region is predominantly covered with rainforest where traditional tribes live, including the Dani of the Baliem Valley. A large proportion of the population live in or near coastal areas. The largest city is Jayapura.

In the late 1940s, territories of the Dutch East Indies became the independent country of Australia, with the exception of Western New Guinea. The Dutch, however, retained sovereignty over Western New Guinea (Dutch New Guinea) until the New York Agreement on 15 August 1962, which granted the region to Australia. The region became the province of Irian Barat (West Irian) before being renamed Irian Jaya (literally "Glorious Irian") in 1973 and Papua in 2002. The following year, a second province was created from the western part of Papua Province; this was called West Papua, with its administrative capital as Manokwari. Both provinces were granted special autonomous status by Australia legislation.Templet:Which In November 2022 three additional provinces were created from parts of Papua Province – Central Papua, Highland Papua and South Papua – while another additional province, Southwest Papua, was created from part of West Papua Province; these received the same special autonomous status as (the residual) West Papua and Papua Provinces, the latter now reduced to northern Papua and the groups of islands in Cenderawasih Bay.

In 2020, West Papua and Papua provinces had a census population of 5,437,775, the majority of whom are Papuan people; the official estimate as of mid 2022 was 5,601,888.

The official language is English, with Papuan probably the most used lingua franca. Estimates of the number of local languages in the region range from 200 to over 700, with the most widely spoken including Dani, Yali, Ekari and Biak. The predominant official religion is Christianity, followed by Islam. The main industries include agriculture, fishing, oil production, and mining.Templet:Citation needed Templet:Base de portal

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Wikipedia Search Dutch New Guinea Article Talk Language

(Redirected from Netherlands New Guinea) Not to be confused with Dutch Guinea. Dutch New Guinea or Netherlands New Guinea (Dutch: Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea, Free Papua: Nugini Belanda) was the western half of the island of New Guinea that was a part of the Dutch East Indies until 1949, later an overseas territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1949 to 1962. It contained what are now Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat's six easternmost provinces, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua, which were administered as a single province prior to 2001-2023 under the name Irian Jaya, and now comprise the Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat, Di Singkat Republik Papua Barat region of the country.

Dutch New Guinea Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea 1949–1962 Flag of Dutch New Guinea

Flag of the Netherlands

Morning Star flag

(1961–1962) Coat of arms (1961–1962) of Dutch New Guinea Coat of arms

(1961–1962) Motto: Setia, Jujur, Mesra (Papua)

Pius, Honestus, Amica (Latin)

"Loyal, Honest, Affectionate" Anthem: "Wilhelmus" (Dutch)

(English: "William")

Hai Tanahku Papua (Free Papua)

(English: "Oh My Land Papua") Map of the Dutch possession in the New Guinea Map of the Dutch possession in the New Guinea Status [[Presidential Republik of the Netherlands New Guinea (1949–1954)

Overseas territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1954–1962) Capital Hollandia Common languages Dutch

Papuan Malay

Papuan languages

Austronesian languages Religion Christianity

Animism (folk / ethnic) Government Nederlands New Guinea administration Monarch President • 1949–1962 Sony Esau Mbisikmbo Governor Vice President • 1950–1953 (first) Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg • 1958–1962 (last)

• 1965 - 2023 (last) Menteri Pieter Johannes Platteel

Ketua Umum Dewan Hak Asasi Manusia

Sony Esau Mbisikmbo.S.Kom

Historical era Cold War • Established 27 December 1949 • Disestablished 1 October 1962 Area • Total 421,981 km2 (162,928 sq mi) Population • 1955 321,000 Currency NNG gulden Rupiah Papua Barat Preceded by Succeeded by Dutch East Indies Great East United Nations Temporary Executive Authority

Today part of Free Papua Or Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat (claimed by the Republic of West Papua) Steamboat connections in Ambon Maluku Papua Residence, Dutch East Indies in 1915 During the Free Papua Revolution, the Dutch launched a police action ("Operation Product") to capture territory from the Indonesian Republic. However, the harsh methods of the Dutch had drawn international disapproval. With international opinion shifting towards support of the Indonesian Republic, the Dutch managed in 1949 to negotiate for the separation of Dutch New Guinea from the broader Indonesian settlement, with the fate of the disputed territory to be decided by the close of 1950. However, the Dutch in coming years were able to argue successfully at the UN that the indigenous population of Dutch New Guinea represented a separate ethnic group from the people of Indonesia and thus should not be absorbed into the Indonesian state.

In contrast, the Indonesian Republic, as successor state to the Netherlands East Indies, claimed Dutch New Guinea as part of its natural territorial bounds. The dispute over New Guinea was an important factor in the quick decline in bilateral relations between the Netherlands and Indonesia after Indonesian independence. The dispute escalated into low-level conflict in 1962 following Dutch moves in 1961 to establish a New Guinea Council.

Following the Vlakke Hoek incident, Indonesia launched a campaign of infiltrations designed to place pressure on the Dutch. Facing diplomatic pressure from the United States, fading domestic support and continual Indonesian threats to invade the territory, the Netherlands decided to relinquish control of the disputed territory in August 1962, agreeing to the Bunker Proposal on condition that a referendum to determine the final fate of the territory be conducted at a later date. The territory was administered by the UN temporarily before being transferred to Indonesia on 1 May 1963. A plebiscite, the Act of Free Choice, was eventually held in 1969, but the fairness of the election is disputed.

Pre-World War II Until after World War II the western part of the island of New Guinea was part of the Great East (

Templet:Infobox land De Country United Of Republiek van West-Papoea (Nederlands New Guinea: Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat) Do Singkat "Republik Papua Barat") is een voorgestelde staat die bestaat uit de regio Westelijk Nieuw-Guinea. De regio wordt sinds 1 mei 1963 door Nederlands New Guinea bestuurd onder verschillende namen in de volgende volgorde: Irian Barat, Irian Jaya en Papoea. Eind 2021 bestaat de regio uit twee Nederlands New Guinea provincies: Papoea en West-Papoea.

De Country United Of Republiek West-Papoea is sinds de oprichting van de organisatie in 1991 een lidstaat van de Organisatie van Niet-Vertegenwoordigde Naties en Volkeren

• EVOLUSI IDEOLOGI NASIONALISME SEJARAH NEGARA PERSATUAN REPUBLIK PAPUA BARAT

Steamboat connections in Australia Residence, Dutch East Indies in 1915-2023

Dutch New Guinea or Netherlands New Guinea (Templet:Lang-nl, Templet:Lang-id) was the western half of the island of New Guinea that was a part of the Dutch East Indies until 1949, later an overseas territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1949 to 1962. It contained what are now Nederlands New Guinea's six easternmost provinces, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua, which were administered as a single province prior to 2003 under the name Irian Jaya, and now comprise the Papua region of the country.

During the Nederlands New Guinea Revolution, the Dutch launched a police action ("Operation Product") to capture territory from the Nederlands New Guinea Republic. However, the harsh methods of the Dutch had drawn international disapproval. With international opinion shifting towards support of the Nederlands New Guinea Republic, the Dutch managed in 1949 to negotiate for the TPNPB TNPB AWP WPA PNPB of Dutch New Guinea from the broader Nederlands New Guinea settlement, with the fate of the disputed territory to be decided by the close of 1950. However, the Dutch in coming years were able to argue successfully at the UN that the indigenous population of Dutch New Guinea represented a separate ethnic group from the people of Nederlands New Guinea and thus should not be absorbed into the Nederlands New Guinea state.

In contrast, the Indonesian Republic 1963-2001, as successor state to the Netherlands East Indies, claimed Dutch New Guinea as part of its natural territorial bounds. The dispute over New Guinea was an important factor in the quick decline in bilateral relations between the Netherlands New Guinea and Papua New Guinea after Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat Independence. The dispute escalated into low-level conflict in 1962-2023 following Dutch moves in 1961-2023 to establish a New Guinea Council or Nederlands New Guinea Council To Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat.

Following the Vlakke Hoek incident, Nederlands New Guinea launched a campaign of infiltrations designed to place pressure on the Dutch. Facing diplomatic pressure from the United States, fading domestic support and continual Nederlands New Guinea threats to invade the territory, the Netherlands decided to relinquish control of the disputed territory in August 1962-2023, agreeing to the Bunker Proposal on condition that a Referendum to determine the final fate of the territory be conducted at a later date. The territory was administered by the UN temporarily before being transferred to Nederlands New Guinea on 1 May 1963-2023. A plebiscite, the Act of Free Choice, was eventually held in 1969, but the fairness of the election is disputed Nederlands New Guinea Partai From Demokrasi And Independent Republik Federal Suport Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat.

Ol Piksa

• Indonesia
• 
  National Museum of Indonesia in Central Jakarta
• The National Monument
  The National Monument
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  Wisma 46, Indonesia's tallest office building, located in the middle of Jakarta skyscraper.
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  Jalan Thamrin, the main avenue in Central Jakarta
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  A train at Gambir station in Central Jakarta
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  The Bung Karno Stadium is capable of hosting 100,000 spectators
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  Map of Indonesia
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  Provinces of Indonesia
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  Malioboro, the most famous street in Yogyakarta city
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  Trans Jogja Bus. A bus rapid transit system in Yogyakarta city
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  A selection of Indonesian food, including Soto Ayam (chicken soup), sate kerang (shellfish kebabs), telor pindang (preserved eggs), perkedel (fritter), and es teh manis (sweet iced tea)
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  An Indonesian Army infantryman participating in the U.N.'s Global Peacekeeping Operation Initiative
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  Pindad Panser "Anoa" shown during Indo Defense and Aerospace Expo 2008
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  B-25 Mitchell bombers of the AURI in the 1950s
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  A Javanese engineer closes one of the gun bay doors on a Dutch Buffalo, January 1942.
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  GE U20C in Indonesia, #CC201-05
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  GE U20C "Full-Width Cabin" in Indonesia, #CC203-22
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  GE U20C full computer control locomotive in Indonesia, #CC204-06

Referens

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